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Coverage Area of CCTV Can depend on selected camera and nature of Area to be covered.
it depends on camera lens which area you want to see
Coverage area of a camera is what you can/want to see on screen (result). You need to select your camera based on your requirement (wider or narrow, long or short distance).
There are different terms used in CCTV (Recognition, detection, identification) which ever you require will decide you type of camera and lens you use. Lenses are normally referred by mm e.g.2.8 is a wider view lens than a50 mm lens (differs from camera to camera). Nowadays there are360 degree lenses available which you can install on ceiling and can show you all around (for shops, offices etc)
Also there are cameras which can see through fog, rain etc etc (Thermal Cameras).
It depends on the quality of camera lens and distance of the object.