What is the use of MPPT?

Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a technique that is used to get the maximum possible power from one or more solar panels.
Solar cells have a complex relationship between solar irradiation, temperature and total resistance that produces a non-linear output efficiency known as the I-V curve.
It is the purpose of the MPPT system to sample the output of the cells and apply the proper resistance (load) to obtain maximum power for any given environmental conditions Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) is one of the most important and well-known problem for all PV systems.
An efficient MPPT algorithm is very important to increase the efficiency of PV system.
Recently, many MPPT algorithms and control schemes of PV generation system have been proposed.
As for the non-Artificial Intelligence method of the MPPT algorithms, Constant Voltage Tracking (CVT) method, Fraction Open- Circuit Voltage (OCV) method, Hill climbing and Perturb and Observe (P&O) method, Incremental Conductance (INC-CON) method, Variable Step Size (VSS) method based on INC-CON method

MPPT means Maximum Power Point Tracking is algorithm that included in charge controllers used for extracting maximum available power from PV module under certain conditions. The voltage at which PV module can produce maximum power is called ‘maximum power point’ (or peak power voltage). Maximum power varies with solar radiation, ambient temperature and solar cell temperature.Typical PV module produces power with maximum power voltage of around17 V when measured at a cell temperature of25°C, it can drop to around15 V on a very hot day and it can also rise to18 V on a very cold day.

Output Power is product of Output Voltage and Output Current of the Solar Panel. So the ideal solution is to select the point where Output Voltage and Output Current are maximum but this is not possible because at Max Output Voltage, Current is Minimum and at Max Output Current, Voltage is minimum. So a point is selected where the Output Voltage and Output Current are not at the max but their product is i.e. the Output Power is at its Max.