What is endoscopic surgery? What are the different types of surgery?

endoscopic surgery in general is the insertion of fiber optic tubings to visualize and to conduct surgery via cavities or small incisions to surgically operate a target organ.
MOst commonly this medical instruments are attached to a monitor which then records the entire procedure, aside from this the tubes itself may or may not have an attached surgical equipment on it.

Endoscopic pituitary surgery, also called transsphenoidal endoscopic surgery, is the most common surgery used to remove pituitary tumors.
The pituitary gland is located at the bottom of your brain and above the inside of your nose.
It is responsible for regulating most of your body's hormones, the chemical messengers that travel through your blood.
Endoscopic pituitary surgery is done with an instrument called an endoscope.
An endoscope is a thin, rigid tube that has a microscope, light, and camera built into it, and it's usually inserted through the nose.
The camera lets your surgeon watch on a television screen while inserting other special instruments through the scope to remove the tumor

In short its minimally invasive surgery with the help of laparoscopic instruments specially designed for such surgeries.The other kinds of surgery is the open methods which now becoming less but still in cases of abdominal traumas such as exploratory laparotomy.

It's minimally invasive surgery (MIS), which emphasizes that diagnosis and treatments can be done with reduced body cavity invasion.

Mainly using struments which took terms refer to the body region being examined or treated by, for example: Laparoscopy (laparoscopic surgery), Arthroscopy (arthroscopic surgery), Thoracoscopy (thoracoscopic surgery), Rhinoscopy, Otoscopy, Cystoscopy, Endosurgery, Endoscopic microsurgery, Videoendoscopic surgery, Telescopic surgery…

Endoscopy is a medical procedure that allows a doctor to observe the inside of the body without performing major surgery.
An endoscope (fibrescope) is a long flexible tube with a lens at one end and a video camera at the other.
The end with the lens is inserted into the patient.
Light passes down the tube (via bundles of optical fibres) to illuminate the relevant area, and the video camera magnifies the area and projects it onto a television screen so the doctor can see what is there.
Usually, an endoscope is inserted through one of the body’s natural openings, such as the mouth, urethra, or anus.
Specially designed endoscopes are used to perform simple surgical procedures, such as: Locating, sampling or removing tumours from the lungs and digestive tract.
Locating and removing foreign objects from the lungs and digestive tract.
Taking small samples of tissue for diagnostic purposes (biopsy).
Removing stones from the bile duct.
Placing tubes (stents) through blockages in the bile duct, oesophagus, duodenum, or colon.
A range of endoscopes Endoscopes have been developed for many parts of the body.
Each has its own name, depending on the part of the body it is intended to investigate, such as: Bronchoscope – inserted down the trachea (windpipe) to examine the lung.
Colonoscope – inserted through the anus to examine the colon (bowel).
Gastroscope – inserted down the oesophagus to examine the stomach.
Duodenoscope – inserted through the stomach into the duodenum to inspect and perform procedures on the bile duct and /or pancreatic duct, called ERCP (Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio-Pancreatogram).
Hysteroscope – inserted through the cervix to examine the uterus.
Cystoscope and ureteroscope - inserted via the urethra to inspect the urinary bladder and ureters.
A range of endoscopes

Endoscopic surgery is a minimum invasive surgery in which a scopes are inserted through small incisions of through natural orifices to help treatment. There are many types of surgeries, namely elective, emergency, transplant, cosmetic, construction, laparoscopic, laser, exploratory

endoscopic surgery means to do surgical procedure from inside of cavitar organș today we have open, laparoscopic and robotic surgery

Means using endoscopic approach, e.g. endoscopic drainage of pseudopancreatic cyst.