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Assalaamu'alaikum:
Firstly, I need to clarify whether the tank is for raw water or treated water. For treated water, I think it is better not to store it underground due to quality issues.
For tank volume, I suppose we should in the beginning understand that water supply is vital for the customer so much so that it can be a matter of life and death, such as for drinking & fire fighting. Therefore, in my opinion, continuity is the key.
For raw water, if the Plant is near a reservoir, then you may not even need a tank. On the other hand, if the raw water supply is far, you should have tanks with suitable pumping systems. The tank and pump sizes are to be designed for supply continuity.
Treated water tank size consideration should take Plant reliability into account, like frequency and duration of stoppages. This is also to ensure continuity of supply.
Technically, the bigger the better, but in reality you are constrained by budget, space etc.
it depends on the capacity of your water treatment plant.
As written in the question, it is potable which means drinking, so anyway the aim of the question is to decide the suitable volume of the treated water tank, which stand for a certain time under shortage of raw water supply
