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This is a generic question. Though, I will try my best to answer it. First of all, you need to choose your role in web development. Are you going to be involved in the interface/design development which is mostly executed at client side (web designer role) or the actual processing (if any) that is mostly executed server side (web developer role)? Web designers are responsible for what the user of the website sees and interacts with. So, they should learn HTML, CSS, and be able to handle JavaScript. Web designers are not to be confused with graphics designers. Graphics designers are responsible for creating the design of the website visually (no code). Though, sometimes the web designer can also be a graphics designer. If you choose to be a web developer, you will have to know at least one web development language like PHP. You will also need to learn SQL, if you are going to deal with data that needs to be stored (in a database) for later retrieval. As a web developer you will handle the data sent by the user to the server and process it. That is putting it simply.This is how the websites are created mostly. The graphics designer will create a visual design (using a tool like Photoshop) then pass it to the web designer who will take the design and convert it into something suitable for the web. Then, the web developer will take the design and map it to his processing code.If you choose to be a web designer, you must be perfect at HTML and CSS. You have the option to use tools to design the websites but you will not have full control over the interface unless you perfect HTML and CSS. After perfecting those languages, start learning Javascript. After getting familiar with JavaScript, go ahead and learn how to use the jQuery library. It is a huge bonus for web designers. Lastly, go ahead and learn responsive web design. Using a framework such as Bootstrap will allow you to have a design that will fit desktop and mobile devices without having to write multiple designs for each one of those devices.If you want to be a web developer focus on learning PHP. It is very efficient and also has high demand. Start learning SQL, too. You will use SQL queries in your code to interact with databases. You will mostly use MySQL solution as a PHP developer. You will also have to learn AJAX if your website needs to interact with the server without having refresh/reload the page. Some employers ask for specific web development languages and frameworks. So, it would be handy to be familiar with more than one language and technology.
Developing knowledge in javascript frameworks like Angular js, Backbone js, Node js,etc is the best way to improve specialization in web development.
ASP & VBScript
ASP is a server-side script processor developed by Microsoft. VBScript is the programming language most often used to power it.When it comes to server-side programming, ASP enjoys popularity comparable to PHP due to Microsoft's heavy market share. VBScript, in addition to its use with ASP, can also be used client-side in much the same way as JavaScript, although support for this is spotty outside of Internet Explorer. Additionally, VBScript can be used to create desktop applications for Windows. Because of these varied uses on Microsoft products, VBScript is very handy for developers who work in Microsoft-centric environments and large corporations.
Python
Python is a high-level general programming language. Python is often praised for its simplicity. It is described as easy to learn, easy to read, and easy to implement, making it ideal for rapid web development. Mastering it is a good way to find work in a web design studio or indie web development.
C# or VB.Net
C# and VB.Net are general-purpose programming languages. Both were developed by Microsoft as part of its .Net initiative. As part of the .Net framework, C# and VB.Net are often used for code-intensive projects that simpler runtime languages aren't well-equipped to handle. In usage and syntax, C# is very similar to Java, whereas VB.Net strongly resembles Visual Basic. Learning either is a good path to heavy back-end development and software houses that focus on web development.
Flash & ActionScript
Adobe Flash is a development environment that allows you to create dynamic visual presentations for the web. ActionScript is a scripting language used to add interactivity to those presentations. With the ability to make truly beautiful web applications that are deeply and uniquely interactive, Flash enjoys heavy market demand. Nowadays, entire websites are built as stand-alone Flash applications, while other websites make use of simpler Flash animations to add the same cutting-edge feel to an otherwise static page. Knowing Flash is enough to build the latter, but you'll need to pick up some ActionScript to accomplish the former. Especially when combined with other design skills ( i.e., CSS, PhotoShop, etc.), knowing Flash and ActionScript is a great way to find work in the front-end development arena and on design studios.
Java
Java is a widely portable programming language that can be used for both client-side and server-side web applications. Unlike more specialized languages, Java is versatile enough to be used in many different development contexts. For example, Java applets allow a programmer to create client-side applications, while Java Server Pages (JSP) produce dynamic, server-side content in much the same way as PHP or ASP. Because you can take it with you into different environments, learning Java is particularly worthwhile if you anticipate changing to another programming career in the future.
JavaScript & AJAX
JavaScript is a popular client-side scripting language. AJAX is a web development technique that combines Asynchronous JavaScript and XML. Between JavaScript, JScript, VBScript, and the like, JavaScript is arguably the most popular. It enjoys wide browser support and is integral to prevailing web methodologies like DHTML and AJAX. Along with HTML and CSS, it is considered a standard of web development that few professionals in the industry can do without. AJAX, on the other hand, enables web developers to create better, faster and more interactive web pages and applications. Basically it makes possible for the Javascript to communicate directly with the server, so specific data can be exchanged without reloading the page.
Structured Query Language (SQL)
SQL is a language used to interact with relational databases. Most dynamic websites make at least some use of databases, and many do so extensively. Although it's not technically a programming language, SQL is nonetheless vital to any serious web programmer's skill set. Popular database management systems that use SQL include MySQL and MSSQL.
Ruby & Ruby on Rails
Ruby is an open source programming language. Ruby on Rails is a web development framework that utilizes Ruby. Although Ruby doesn't enjoy as much widespread popularity as some other programming languages, it forms the backbone for Ruby on Rails, a web development framework that has gained momentum in recent years. This combination is particularly well-known for rapid, intuitive web programming in much the same way as Python, and is often used for the same sort of projects.
For Beginners: Having a good and firm grasp on HTML, CSS and JavaScript.
Knowledge of Photoshop and other Adobe products is an added advantage.
For Dynamic Website Development: PHP, Python, Perl, ASP.NET, JSP, etc.
After having enough experience, developers can try their hands on web frameworks, like CodeIgniter, AngularJS or NodeJS.
Those developers who do not want to delve into the depths of coding, they can try their hands on CMS such as Joomla, Drupal of Wordpress.
Shaepoint, Java Scripts, ASP
should know the basics on both the fronend the backend like AJAX, and SQL/Databases, know how to write good SQL queries and optimize it
have skills in asp.net and c#
and we have to know also
css
html
java script
and so on it depends upon the work you plan for
Responsive web design, user experience.
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Software Development Fundamentals
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