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As per my little knowledge in water treatment, the coagulant reduces the permeability of the filter bed, consequently, reduces the filtration rate and increases the backwash pump head requirements; coagulants can be used in the process units located upstream of the sand filters, some new systems has been improved by some manufactures like turbo and Acti flow sedimentation system, these systems use the fine sand to improve the suspended solids molecular weight and thus, improving the sedimentation efficiency without using any flocculent.
we can use it coagulant as fecl3.
You need to have a break tank and settlement tank in this case
I would suggest not to uses any of them in the filter, it will get clogged, however these chemical can be used in the pretreatment prior to sand filter and is already practiced in many water treatment plants.
This is due to amount of suspended solids in raw water