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Agriculture in Lebanon is the third most important sector in the country after the tertiary and industrial sectors. It contributes nearly7% to GDP and employs around% of the active population. Main crops include cereals (mainly wheat and barley), fruits and vegetables, olives, grapes, and tobacco, along with sheep and goat herding. Mineral resources are limited and are only exploited for domestic consumption. Lebanon, which has a variety of agricultural lands, from the interior plateau of the Beqaa Valley to the narrow valleys leading downward to the sea, enables farmers to grow both European and tropical crops. Tobacco and figs are grown in the south, citrus fruits and bananas along the coast, olives in the north and around the Shouf Mountains, and fruits and vegetables in the Beqaa Valley. More exotic crops include avocados, grown near Byblos, and hashish (a major crop in the Beqaa Valley).Lebanon's agriculture, which offers fertile land, landscaped terraces, and fresh and healthy produce, faces several challenges in recent years. Improper agricultural practices leading to soil erosion and impoverishment, depletion of underground water resources, water pollution and health impacts from inappropriate use of pesticides and fertilizers, and environmental pollution from haphazard dumping of slaughter waste and animal farms are from the main problems of this sector. Agriculture is also diminishing to rampant urbanization, such as in the coastal plains and in parts of the Beqaa Valley. The government's policies appear to be targeting the increase in the availability of water irrigation (especially in the South) and controlling the use of pesticides, with no or little investment or incentives for water- and soil-conserving irrigation techniques. The private sector is gradually taking advantage of new but small scale opportunities offered by organic farming and high-value agricultural produce.
The most important Search at the moment and can be done is, Hydroponics is the trend now in most Arab countries. Hydroponics is a subset of hydro-culture and is a method of growing plants using mineral nutrient solutions, in water, without soil. Terrestrial plants may be grown with their roots in the mineral solution only, or in an inert medium, such as per lite or gravel. Good luck..
Lebanon has very rich biological diversity, which is the result of a number of factors, according to Agricultural Census undertaken by the Ministry of Agriculture and FAO, in 1999 and in 2010 (FAO, 1999; 2010) agriculture and farming systems vary with the different natural regions as per the following:
Irrigation is very unequally distributed over the country, with 41.9% of the UAA as an average. The central and northern Bekaa (in the region of the Orontes River), the coastal plains of the North and the South and the fruit orchard zones rich in springs in the mountains are different from the other agricultural zones which are characterized by rainfed agriculture. The irrigation networks were severely affected during the different war episodes and not fully rehabilitated. Irrigation networks from the Litani River, planned for the South were stopped after further troubles in 2006.
you can read this papers
http://countrystudies.us/lebanon/71.htm
http://www.databank.com.lb/docs/Agriculture%20fact%20book.pdf
For more details check the FAO website