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Shell : subjected to axial force and bending momen.Membrane
Membrane: sustain transverse loading using inplane stresses.
plates: sustain loading using bending stresses.
Membrane and Plates have basic differences in structural behavior. Membrane sustain transverse loading using in plane stresses. While plates sustain loading using bending stresses. 1-D analogous examples are difference between a thread/cable and beam.
If the bending stiffness of the plate is reduced to zero, it will act like a membrane with due consideration of boundary conditions.
1-Shell : subjected to axial force and bending moment
2-Membrane: subjected to axial force
3- Plate : subjected to bending moment
