Do you think sentence structure and parts of speech are the basic grammar rules as there are hundreds of grammar rules? Please explain.

In order to be understandable and to communicate proficiently in a language, correct grammar rules ought to be applied.  The level of correctness in your speech or written work, depending on the purpose, context and audience will determine to what extent the grammar rules should be followed i.e. Is it an interview for an English teaching job, CV application, an academic conversation with colleagues or a casual conversation with friends?

The functions of words in a sentence are vital to enable one in using them correctly.  Hence the correct use of parts speech come into play.  Placing your words in the correct order (sentence structure) will translate your message succinctly and demonstrate good practice and comprehension. 

Adding to that, in the case of written English, attention to punctuation, vocabulary and spelling is important. That being said, it is difficult to pin point a particular rule that takes precedence over another as these aspects and rules are interlinked.  However, to master the language, it needs to be deconstructed and tackled individually.

Not sure that I completely understand the question, but I would say that being able to structure the sentence in the correct manner is what makes a person fluent in the language. 

A person who translates one language literally into another is not applying the structure of the language as it should be and this results in a greater problem of communication than just a simple grammatical error. 

The whole meaning of the sentence could be misconstrued and lead to serious misinterpretation if the correct linguistic structure is not applied correctly so yes I would say that this type of grammar in this sense is of more importance.

(I think that we have all been guilty of saying something in another language that because it was translated literally due to our grammatical mistakes, ended up being so outlandish that we still laugh at the absurdity and are able to joke about it.............the problem is taking this risk in a business setting.  If something is said incorrectly and misinterpreted by a potential business partner, it could lead to serious altercations and may even end in the breaking of important business ties or opportunities).

Thank you for inviting ............... I agreed with Ms. answer Lubaina Ali

Thanks for invitation. I am not really sure about the question but if you mean the rules of English grammar , so based on my knowledge it could conceived simply as follow.

English language grammar includes an ever-unfolding set of rules. As a subject of study, it’s more deep than broad: students in the early grades learn a basic overview of the parts of speech and sentence types, and as they advance in grade level, older concepts are broken into more complex systems.

 In that way, English grammar is like the branches of a tree, with new rules and concepts extending outward from previously learned principles.

Source: http://www.tayxiongsheng.com/

Definitely, "Parts of Speech" are different word categories assigned by grammarians to the vocabulary of a language depending upon its semantics, morphology and syntax. A kid learns the orthography and phoneme at the very basic level. However, in grammar, Parts of speech are the very start of grammar where a foreign language learner learns words with respect to its category, affixation and its placement in the sentences.

       Similarly, sentence structure plays a vital role in learning a foreign language because there are mainly three major language structures in world: 

1. SVO (Subject Verb Object)
2. SOV (Subject Object Verb)
3. VSO (Verb Subject Object)

The first two structures are very common. English and many European countries follow the first one while mostly eastern language follow the second. The third structure is also followed by some languages of the world the main example is that of Irish language. 

Basically, these structures and categories (i.e. Parts of Speech) help us in assigning the correct meaning to the vocabulary that a language carry.

I totally agree with Ahmed Abdullah. Grammar is like a seven course meal. You have drinks, starters, side dishes, main dish, tea and coffee, and sweats. The basic 7 simple sentence patterns, Sentence Elements: S+V+C+O+A,  and parts of speech are the main dish.

7 Basic patterns: SV, SVC, SVA, SVO, SVOO, SVOC, and SVOA.

Definitely.

If you master sentence patterns and parts of speech you can form meaningful sentences.

Even if you make mistakes in pronunciation or tense, you are still understood (to a great extent).

https://www.kent.edu/sites/default/files/grammaticalsentencepatterns.pdf

http://www.uhv.edu/studentsuccesscenter/grammar/pdf/sentence.patterns.pdf

http://www.jccc.edu/student-resources/tutors-accessibility/writing-center/files/the-sentence-part-1.pdf

I go for the saying: Grammar is the language.

A common definition of grammar is: How words are put in a correct order to construct meaningful statements or sentences.

Anyhow, if we analyse the word "Grammar", it the whole system and structure of a language or of languages in general. Grammar usually consists of syntax and morphology (including inflections) and sometimes also phonology and semantics. If we take this into consideration, we can perceive that Grammar is, really, the language itself.

The following information collected may be useful 

Basic English grammar refers to sentence structure and parts of speech as there are hundreds of grammar rules , Parts of speech are noun, pronoun, verb, adjective, adverb, preposition and conjunction.  Let’s look at the way sentences are put together and the words that form them.

Basic English Grammar Rules

Some of the most basic and important English grammar rules relate directly to sentence structure. Some of these rules specify that:

·        A singular subject needs a singular predicate.

·        A sentence needs to express a complete thought.

Another term for a sentence is an independent clause. 

·        Clauses, like any sentence, have a subject and predicate too. If a group of words does not have a subject and predicate, it is a phrase.

·        If they can stand alone and make a complete thought, then they are independent and called sentences.

·        If they do not express a complete thought, they are called "dependent clauses." An example of a dependent clause, which is not a sentence, is “when i finish my work”. 

So, what are the other basic rules for sentence structure?

Subjects and Predicates

Basic to any language is the sentence, which expresses a complete thought and consists of a subject and a predicate.

·        The subject is the star of the sentence; the person, animal, or thing that is the focus of it. 

·        The predicate will tell the action that the subject is taking or tell something about the subject.

Basic Parts of Speech

Once you have a general idea of the basic grammar rules for sentence structures, it is also helpful to learn about the parts of speech:

·        A noun names a person, animal, place, thing, quality, idea, activity, or feeling.  A noun can be singular, plural, or show possession.

·        A pronoun is a word that takes the place of a noun, like: “I”, “you”, or “they.” 

·        A verb shows action and can be a main verb or a helping verb, like: “were” or “has.”  Verbs also indicate tense and sometimes change their form to show past, present, or future tense. Linking verbs link the subject to the rest of the sentence and examples are: “appear” and “seem.”  

·        An adjective modifies a noun or a pronoun. It adds meaning by telling how much, which one, what kind, or describing it in other ways.

·        An adverb will modify a verb and tell more about it, like how much, when, where, why, or how.

·        A preposition shows a relationship between nouns or pronouns. It is often used with a noun to show location, like: “beside”, “in”, or “on”. It can also show time, direction, motion, manner, reason, or possession. 

·        Conjunctions connect two words, phrases, or clauses, and common ones are: “and”, “but”, and “or.”

Mention needs to be made about other types of words that are considered by some, but not all, to be parts of speech.

·        One of them is the interjection. It shows emotion and examples are: “yea”, “hurray”, “uh-oh”, and “alas.”

·        Articles are very useful little words that are also sometimes considered to be parts of speech. The articles are: “a”, “an”, and “the”.  Indefinite articles are “a” and “an” and “the” is a definite article.   

Punctuation

To fully understand basic grammar rules, you also need to look at punctuation rules. 

·        All sentences must start with a capital, or upper case, letter. 

·        Titles of people, books, magazines, movies, specific places, etc. are capitalized. 

·        Organizations and compass points are capitalized. 

·        Every sentence needs a punctuation mark at the end of it. These would include a period, exclamation mark, or question mark.

·        Colons are used to separate a sentence from a list of items, between two sentences when the second one explains the first, and to introduce a long direct quote.

·        Semicolons are used to take the place of a conjunction and are placed before introductory words like “therefore” or “however.” They are also used to separate a list of things if there are commas within each unit.   

·        There are a lot of rules for commas. The basic ones are commas separate things in a series and go wherever there is a pause in the sentence. They surround the name of a person being addressed, separate the day of the month from the year in a date, and separate a town from the state. 

·        Parentheses enclose things that clarify and enclose numbers and letters that are part of a list. Apostrophes are used in contractions to take the place of one or more letters and to show possession. An apostrophe and “s” is added if the noun is singular and an apostrophe alone is added if the noun is plural.

Of course! Parts of speech are the base of grammar rules. Anatomy of a sentence brings forward different parts; noun, pronoun, verb, subject, object, etc. to determine rules for their accurate use.