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Global System for Mobile is the second generation technology, digital technology established in finland 1991 which offers voice calls, SMS and 9.6 Kbps data transfer using TDMA ,FDMA and also CDMA.
Base Station Subsystem(BSS) is the control part for the GSM network for channels allocation, which includes(HLR, VLR, LAI).
Base Transceiver Station(BTS) is the direct connection between the ME and the whole network, includes the RF modules for time slots transmission power and system modules to hold the main commissioning data.
Mobile switching center (MSC) is the centerpiece of a network switching subsystem (NSS). The MSC is mostly associated with communications switching functions, such as call set-up, release, and routing.
Soft Handover occurs when the ME is moving in the overlapping coverage area.The ME communicate and receive the signals from the NodeB’s which their signals are overlapping.
Hard Handover: It Break Before Make.The network decides a handover is required dependent upon the signal strengths of the existing link, and the strengths of broadcast channels of adjacent cells.The link between the existing Node B and the UE is broken.
Global System for Mobile: is the second generation technology, digital technology established in finland 1991 which offers voice calls, SMS and 9.6 Kbps data transfer using TDMA and FDMA.
BSS: Base Station Subsystem is the control part for the GSM network for channels allocation, which includes(HLR, VLR, LAI).
BTS: Base Transceiver Station is the direct connection between the ME and the whole network, includes the RF modules for time slots transmission power and system modules to hold the main commissioning data (channels number, transmitter power and connection to the NOC), also includes microwave link as temporary solution or dark fiber line as permanent solution for data flow between neighboring sites and exchanges.
SHO: shift the ME call from the poor coverage cell to the better coverage cell by allocate anew channel from the better covering cell, then drop the first cell connection.
HHO: shift the ME call from the poor coverage cell to the better coverage cell by drop the first cell connection.
GSM (Global System for Mobile communication) is a digital mobile telephony system that is widely used in Europe and other parts of the world. GSM uses a variation of time division multiple access (TDMA) and is the most widely used of the three digital wireless telephony technologies (TDMA, GSM, and CDMA).
The BSC also handles intercell handover. It controls the power transmission of the BSS and MS in its area. The function of the BSC is to allocate the necessary time slots between the BTS and the MSC. It is a switching device that handles the radio resources
A base transceiver station (BTS) is a piece of equipment that facilitates wireless communication between user equipment (UE) and a network. A BTS is controlled by a parent base station controller via the base station control function (BCF).
A mobile switching center (MSC) is the centerpiece of a network switching subsystem (NSS). The MSC is mostly associated with communications switching functions, such as call set-up, release, and routing.
Hard Handover: Break Before Make • the network decides a handover is required dependent upon the signal strengths of the existing link, and the strengths of broadcast channels of adjacent cells. • The link between the existing NodeB and the UE is broken. • A new link is established between the new NodeB and the UE.
Soft Handover: Occurs when the ME is moving in the overlapping coverage area. • The ME communicate and receive the signals from the NodeB’s which their signals are overlapping. • The rake receiver is needed in the UE (ME) to combine the two signals • in the uplink, the best quality frame of the two signals is selected. The selection is made by the outer loop power control algorithm measurement. • Negatives: It needs to indicate resources (capacity) on both NodeBs
Global System for Mobile communication GSM is one of the first deployed cellular network in the world, it is formed of a network of Base Transceiver stations BTS that are controlled by one Base Station Controller BSC, these form the BSS subsystem responsible for managing transmitted frequencies. As for the Mobile Switching Center MSC it's role is central in managing mobiles communication as it is the central switching unit responsible for routing the Calls/SMS to the right party
