What are the different types of passwords used in securing a CISCO router?

Depending on Connection (Device) :

Enable password

Console password

VTY password

AUX password

Depending on Encryption(Algorithm):

Type4

Type5

Type7

There are five types of passwords that can be used. These are enable secret, enable, virtual terminal, console, and auxiliary.

Do you mean password types?

there are three passwords types:

Clear text: No encryption

type 7: normal encryption (can be decrypt with some tools)

type 5: MD5 encryption (hard to decrypt)

example: If you want to configre enable password and you use this command "enable password cisco" The password will be saved in clear text.

If you use the following command: "service password-encryption" the password will be encrypted to type 7

If you use: "enable secret" command, the password will be encrypted to type 5