أنشئ حسابًا أو سجّل الدخول للانضمام إلى مجتمعك المهني.
4PL manages all resources, assess, dsign and run on behalf of clients. Thus 4PL is not a resource providers its a service providers.
d) recycling - it's a part of reverse logistic, not part of 4 PL.
from my opinion i will go for option (d) recycling.
This is a tough one. All four have the potential to be a component of a 4PL. But if I have to choose one then I will say A - Control Room (intelligence).