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First and foremost difference is that SAP ERP is a licensing model & SAP ECC is an installable unit. This means that you can “actually & literally” install ECC but not ERP.
SAP Business Suite is a collection of many SAP applications and ERP is a collection of many installable units. Below will make it clear.
SAP ERP is the largest SAP application and SAP ECC is the largest system (Source - SAP)
In the most basic way to compare, ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) is a generic term that wasn't washed away by naming conventions by SAP itself. In the new version of SAP Suites, they now use ECC (ERP Central Component)as a conventional term. So basically, it just means that SAP ECC is a version of SAP ERP. But don't be confused if you can see SAP ECC 5.0 ERP, you can just ignore the ERP tag at the end. (Note: The newest version of the SAP suite is SAP ECC 6.0