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The Standard Penetration test (SPT) is a common in situ testing method used to determine the geotechnical engineering properties of subsurface soils. It is a simple and inexpensive test to estimate the relative density of soils and approximate shear strength parameters.
This basic soil testing procedure gives reasonably consistent results in fine-grained sands and is not as consistent in coarse sands or clays.
Penetration tests are used in order to evaluate the liquefaction and foundation strength.