In the design of bridge arguments what considerations should be made to select the orientation of the wing walls?

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Some of the most common arrangements of wing walls in cases of bridge arguments are as follows:

Wing walls parallel to abutments: This method is considered to take least amount of time to build and is simple as well. But on the downside this method is not the most economical. The advantage of this type of design being that they cause the least amount of disturbance to the slope embankment

Wing walls at an angle to abutments: This design method is considered to be the most economical in terms of material cost

Wing walls perpendicular to abutments: The characteristic of this design is it provides an alignment continuous with the bridge decks lending a support to the parapets

The following are key in the orientation of wing walls;

The alignment of the approach roads or rail;

The flow of the river

The height of the embankments and the type of the retaining action of the wall

(i) Wing walls parallel to abutments (ii) Wing walls at an angle to abutments (iii) Wing walls perpendicular to abutments

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Although this is not in my specialistr and after i read about it i find:

• Straight Wing walls.
• Cantilever from abutment.
• Free standing cantilever retaining wall.

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