What are the energies used for the production of electrical energy? How can electricity be produced from them?

Electrical energy at mass scale is being produced by Thermal power plants(coal based), Solar power plants and Nuclear power plants.

Basically heat energy is being used to move the turbines so, the mechanical movements of the equipments produces electrical energy, etc.

electricity can be produced by steam or gaz turbine ( heat energy ) , wind power, Hydro-electric power...