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Capacitive reactance, Xc = 1/(2πfC)
Inductive reactance, Xl = 2πfL
Where f = frequency of power supply = 50 for ac(normally) and 0 for dc
C = capacitance of capacitor
L = inductance of inductor
So if we apply ac to capacitor and inductor we can see from the above formulas, the capacitor will offer a definite reactance to the flow of electricity which is inversely proportional to the frequency. So the capacitor may allow to pass the ac currents through it. And for inductor, the reactance is directly proportional to the frequency. So it will block ac as the frequency increases.
For dc supply, we can see, the capacitor will offer infinite reactance and inductor will offer zero reactance.
Generally, capacitor will block dc and allow ac. And inductor will block ac and allow dc
