There are the basics to track and fix the problems and error in the network according to your experience what these basics?

1 - Making some initial Pings for the Near Hosts, Gateways and other VLANs.

2 - test DNS Resolving by ping by names.

3 - sniff the network with any good packet sniffer and read the packets.

and there is many other steps according to the case.

doing a couple of traceroutes gives me the point where the packet drops or where the latency in network traffic is happening.

Collect information

Examine collected information

Eliminate potential causes

Hypothesize underlying cause

Verify hypothesis

use ping to test the connection between the hosts

use traceroute to detect where the packet lost and check it

use IPCONFIG/ all to show the ip details ip -default gateway-subnet mask-DNS