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Dear Sir,
= Each research has a full description about the study itself, which we call it the "Introduction". So, the main purpose of the INTRODUCTION is to give a description of the problem that will be addressed. In this section the researcher might discuss the nature of the research, the purpose of the research, the significance of the research problem, and the research question(s) to be addressed.
== Three essential parts of a good introduction are:
RATIONALE
PURPOSE
RESEARCH QUESTION(S)
1- RATIONALE
n Somewhere in the introduction you need to inform the reader of the rationale of your research. This is a brief explanation of why your research topic is worthy of study and may make a significant contribution to the body of already existing research.
n A Research Rationale is required before beginning any sort of research project. Many budding researchers confuse a rationale with a hypothesis. A hypothesis is what the researcher thinks is most likely to be proven through the research. A rationale is the researcher's reason for conducting the research in the first place. For example, a researcher is trying to find out whether or not a full breakfast.
n Evaluating other studies: In a review of the literature,
- you do not merely summarize the research findings that others have reported.
- You must also evaluate and comment on each study's worth and validity.
- You may find that some published research is not valid. If it also runs counter to your hypothesis,
- You may want to critique it in your review.
- Don't just ignore it. Tell how your research will be better/overcome the flaws.
Doing this can strengthen the rationale for conducting your research.
2- PURPOSE
The statement of purpose is not simply a statement of why the research is being done. (That is what the rationale section is for.) Rather, "purpose" refers to the goal or objective of your research. The purpose statement should answer questions. . .
- "What are the objectives of my research?" and
- "What do I expect to discover or learn from this research?"
3- RESEARCH QUESTION
The introduction usually ends with a research question or questions. This question should be. . .
- Related to your research purpose
- Focused
- Clear
= ABSTRACT: On another hand, some research reports end (or begin) with an abstract. An abstract is a highly abbreviated (usually100-200 words) synopsis of your research. It should describe your rationale and objectives, as well as your methods and findings.
== Because of its limited length, an abstract cannot go into detail on any of these topics. Nor can it report on the limitations of your research or offer suggestions for future research.
== For those, readers will have to read the entire report. But, after reading your abstract, people unfamiliar with your research should know what it is about and whether they want to read the entire report.
= According to research methodology:
== The methods section of a research paper provides the information by which a study’s validity is judged. Therefore, it requires a clear and precise description of how an experiment was done, and the rationale for why specific experimental procedures were chosen.
- The methods section should describe what was done to answer the research question,
- describe how it was done,
- justify the experimental design, and
- explain how the results were analyzed.
== Scientific writing should be direct and in orderly form. Therefore, the methods section structure should:
n describe the materials used in the study,
n explain how the materials were prepared for the study,
n describe the research protocol,
n explain how measurements were made and what calculations were performed, and
n state which statistical tests were done to analyze the data.
== Once all elements of the methods section are written, subsequent drafts should focus on how to present those elements as clearly and logically as possibly. The description of preparations, measurements, and the protocol should be organized chronologically.
== For clarity, when a large amount of detail must be presented, information should be presented in sub-sections according to topic. Material in each section should be organized by topic from most to least important.
Good luck in your research work,
Lubna Al-Sharif
