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To Backup Active Directory Database you need To back up System State data using the Backup Wizard.
1. From the Start menu, click Run , and then type Ntbackup .
2. On the Tools menu, click Backup Wizard .
3. Click Next , click Only back up the System State data , and then click Next .
4. Designate where you want to save the System State data, click Next , and then click Finish .
5. When you are done setting options, click Finish .
The Contents of System State Backup given below
Registry Always
COM+ Class Registration database Always
Boot files, including the system files Always
Certificate Services database If it is a Certificate Services server
Active Directory Directory service If it is a domain
SYSVOL directory Only if it is a domain controller
IIS Metadirectory If it is installed
System files that are under Windows File Protection Always
Taking backup of the Active Directory(AD) is in general has been very well explained by the other esteemed members. What I would like to add is when we take backup of AD we need to plan why we are taking that backup and how that can be used in restoring. There are many other third party tools other than the in-built features of Server2003,2008 or2012 are available to take back up. As these different tools have their own methods in taking back-up. By using the features of Microsoft we can either use the MMC through server manager or through command line using Wbadmin to have the backup of entire server or only the System state backup.
On the other hand if you have a smaller network what i prefer is if you can afford to create another server and make it as backup server and if in any case of AD damage then you just have to built the server and replicate it.
http://techfreakmentor.blogspot.in/2013/10/how-to-backup-and-restore-active.html
Check this link ....