What are the reasons that prevent an employee from obtaining a higher position if the latter has the qualifications that grant him right to promotion?

For example

Language in some institutions

Professional certificates in other institutions

Favoritism and discrimination to other colleague

He loves his work more than he listens to his manager

Ignorance of the Evaluation Committee

His inability to show his skills and interest in his work more than his interest in impressing others

Thanks

His attitude and the ability to motivate the team and carry all members to achieve the goal.

Thanks for invitation,

In my opinion, unless the employee has both "ambitions and the desire or determination of success", he will not be able to get any senior position, even he has the right qualifications in order to be promoted.

Thanks

My colleague Shady lsited all the reasons, I support his answer

First of all the higher position is not yet vacant hence even if the employee is qualified to be promoted management cannot promote an employee.  Another possible reason is budget constrain where limited budget was allocated for the year hence no promotion can be recommended which will require additional funding for approval. 

His immediate supervisor does not want other employees to envy the promoted employee hence delay his promotion.