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Bulbs [devices] for AC are designed to operate such that it offers high impedance to AC supply. Normally they have low resistance. When DC supply is applied, due to low resistance, the current through lamp would be so high that it may damage the bulb element.
If it is filament type incandescent bulb, it will work on AC as well as DC as long as you give rated value of voltage. Because this bulb works of principal of emitting light from heated filament which is nothing but resistance.
However, in tube light, if you give DC supply, it will damage its choke. Because choke is nothing but inductor and it will damage due to DC supply because DC supply will not generate any back emf in choke.
