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This is the balance sheet approach towards the estimate of bad debt expenses and since 5% of the debtors are required, the ending balance of provision or allowance to bad debts would be (300,000 x 5% = 15,000)
So the adjusting entry will be
Bad debt expense 5000 (Debit)
Allowance for Doubtful Debt 5000 (Credit)
Ending balance of Allowance/Provision for doubtful debts will be 15000 i.e 5% of Debtors