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The type of electricity delivered to homes and businesses was first direct current (DC) but then changed to AC electricity. The standard voltage level started at110V, went to240V, back to110V, and then to220V. The frequency started at60Hz and then went to50Hz in most areas.
sine wave developed according to the generator principle
It is generally accepted that "Nikola Tesla" chose60 hertz as the lowest frequency that would not cause street lighting to flicker visibly. The origin of the50 hertz frequency used in other parts of the world is open to debate
Sine waves used for electrical power transmission because it can be generated using normal copper windings in alternator rotors and stators. Agreed with Mohamed Shehata Mohamed
Please all are requested to sequeeze their replies in their post to basic concepts.
Sine Wave, AC system can easily be Generated, Transmitted & Distributed over Long Values of KVAs & KMs with minimum Power Losses. Especially the role of Transfomers.
If you Understand Fourier transform / analysis method of Mathematics / Engineering then you must know that all periodic waves (Square, Triangular etc.) & also somwhat non-periodic waves are composed of sum of different sines waves of different amplitudes, frequencies & phases. Hence all waveforms are actually sine waves in background.
Now Question of50 Hz or60 Hz is so simple as Questions of:
Metric System / SI Units Systems
American Influence / British Influence