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Because we've made the field variables private, we need another way to assign values to them. One way to do this is with something called a constructor. This is a method you can use to set initial values for field variables. When the object is created, Java calls the constructor first. Any code you have in your constructor will then get executed. You don't need to make any special calls to a constructor method - they happen automatically when you create a new object.
Constructor methods take the same name as the class. Add the following constructor to your StudentResults class:
So the name of the constructor is StudentResults. This is exactly the same name as the class itself. Unlike normal methods, class constructors don't need a return type like int or double, nor any return value. You can, however, pass values over to your constructors. If we want to pass values over to our field variables, we can do this:
Here, we've added two String variables to the round brackets of the constructor. Inside the curly brackets we've assigned these values to the Full_Name and Exam_Grade fields. When you create a new object, you'd then need two strings between the round brackets of the class name:
StudentResults aStudent = new StudentResults( "Bill Gates", "A" );
When the object is created, the values "Bill Gates" and "A" will be handed over to the constructor.
However, it's a good idea to just set some default values for your field variables. These values will then be assigned when the object is created. Add the following to your constructor:
All four of our field variables will now have default values whenever a new StudentResults object is created. Notice that we now don't have anything between the round brackets of the class constructor.
In the next part, we'll take a look at accessing class variables.
You need a constructor simply to perform certain tasks when an object is instantiated with new. Think of a constructor as a member method having the same class name. The method is called automatically whenever you instantiate (create) an instance of your class.
Typically, a constructor is used to initialize class fields regardless of their access modifiers (private/protected/public).
Similar to methods, a class constructor can be overloaded by giving different parameters to each constructor. Check this: http://stackoverflow.com/a/2632401
Is Utilized to create a new Class instance ( Object) by reserving space for the Member Variables
Is a function inside the class responsible for initialization
Is not a conventional method
Has the same name as the class
Invoked with new that creates the object
If no constructor is defined, it means the language provides no arg constructor that does nothing.
When you create an object you are actually calling its constructor.
Constructor usually starts with the ‘public’ keyword
It is followed by Name of the constructor
Constructor argument in parenthesis
Example: Call them using new operator
Rectangle rec= new FallingRectangle (RectangleSize)
Whenever the object is instatiated, the data asscociated with the object of class can be intialized with the help of constructor.
Constructor name is same as Class number, but without any return type
