What are the minimum protocols that i must focus on to configure a router ?

1)      Basic configuration

2)      Interface properties configuration

3)      Routing protocol that used in your network (Static, RIPv1 or v2, OSPF, or ISIS )

4)      If this router will be connected to the ISP you should use BGP routing protocol

5)      Network Address Translation (NAT) if needed

6)      Integrate it with syslog server

7)      Integrate it with management server using SNMP or Net flow protocol

8)      Integrate it with AAA sever using Radius or TACACS protocol

RIP is a basic protocol and easy to configure

Router (config) # router rip

Router (config-router) # network X.X.X.X

It depends on which type of you need wan,lan etc.

Static route is just fine and adding the network to the needed one.

To be honest, i don't understand the question. You should ask what are the minimum configuration steps that make a router to function in a network.

As i totally respect other users answers, i don't see any need for a dynamic routing (RIP, OSPF) unless you need it. Static routes are just working fine. Also, dynamic routing is not a minimum thing to configure in a router. Dynamic routing is a huge project that involves many parties.

minimum is a static routing protocol and directly connected port in up and up state.  

command would be 

ip route0.0.0.00.0.0.0 next hop gateway ip address. This is a defualt gateway command and will take care of any unknown routes.  The next hope gateway ip address could be the ISP or another router. 

It depends on the design of your network:

LAN, WAN ….

 Frame relay, MPLS ….   and how many routers you have.

How many autonomous system you have.

Speed network convergence time after a link failure.

Security.

How critical if a router goes down.

…..

by default the protocol run is tcp/ip

else use rip for the start

it depend about what you will use of protocals via your network , keep it defulte and creiat ACL