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As of security point of view it better to keep the data and programs at centralized server because you have better contorl on applications but as of performance point of view it better to keep the programs at client machines.
depends on the program requirements.
In my opinion every application should be centrilized and shared on network.if install applications every individual Pc that will consume resource and time.
from perfrmance view its better to install program on the client.
Performance point of view it is better, install programs at every client machines. However it depends on scenario.
In my option, if you have good server machine then install program on server and share with client because its easy to update and easy to handle also. when you install program separate computers then you take much time to update all computers.
in proformance point of you its better to have programs on client and also in case of network faliure or any other network issue it would be nightmare to do the work done.
There are always sacrifices and trade-offs you should go for. If you care about performance, then i agree that installing an application at the client side is better but you will lack the benefit of centralization. On the other hand, if you care about centralization, then installing it in a server is recommended.
However, there is something somehow mysterious about the question. Programs or applications are not shared after installation in a server because they are not files or folders. What do you exactly mean by "Share them" in your question? Also, what do you mean by "Programs"? Do you mean Office or else?... Normally, apps that are installed in a server are server-aware apps and designed to install a client software at the client side to communicate with.
I will give you more details after your clarification on the above enquiries.
i am working in education envoirnmnet and i experienced and used centerlized application sanarios.. centerlized envoirnmnet is best and secure but for good performance you need Good servers and load belancing palnning. almost all program one time load from server and then utilize client machine resources to run and only save the resultent data on server during procceses. i run same programe /software induvsually on client and i didn't feel any defferenc.
Thanks