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Planning: creating a plan of action for the future, determining the stages of the plan and the technology necessary to implement it. Deciding in advance what to do, how to do it, when to do it, and who should do it. It maps the path from where the organization is to where it wants to be. The planning function involves establishing goals and arranging them in a logical order. Administrators engage in both short-range and long-range planning. Organizing: Once a plan of action is designed, managers need to provide everything necessary to carry it out; including raw materials, tools, capital and human resources. Identifying responsibilities, grouping them into departments or divisions, and specifying organizational relationships. Command: Managers need to implement the plan. They must have an understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of their personnel. Leading people in a manner that achieves the goals of the organization requires proper allocation of resources and an effective support system. Directing requires exceptional interpersonal skills and the ability to motivate people. One of the crucial issues in directing is the correct balance between staff needs and production. Coordination: High-level managers must work to "harmonize" all the activities to facilitate organizational success. Communication is the prime coordinating mechanism. Synchronizes the elements of the organization and must take into account delegation of authority and responsibility and span of control within units. Control: The final element of management involves the comparison of the activities of the personnel to the plan of action, it is the evaluation component of management. Monitoring function that evaluates quality in all areas and detects potential or actual deviations from the organization's plan, ensuring high-quality performance and satisfactory results while maintaining an orderly and problem-free environment. Controlling includes institution of corrective actions.
Many scientists spoke about the science of management and' Henry Fayol' one them, and all the concepts are limited to five elements, planning, organizing, command , coordination, controlling . These elements also called (management functions),
1- Planning: anticipate the future and determine the best ways to accomplish organizational goals.
by planning we talking about the future because we don't plan for past , if there plan that mean there are goals. this goals needs a ways and efforts to achieve, by planning we need to present an answers for the following four questions: Planning defines us, "Where were we?" And "Where are we now?" And "Where do we want to go?" And "How?" ? And all answers lead us ultimately to achieve the goal.
02-organizing : the design of the structure is essential to the functions and powers.
The second element directly after the planning, organizing is the administrative function to achieve and align the activities of the organization between the human and material resources( productive elements ) without organize all efforts will not be effective ,That means wasted for efforts and lost time, we can say that by Organize we are looking to unite the efforts and coordination to reaching the goals effectively and efficiently.
03-Commanding: this function need arts and skills from the manager, through supervise subordinates in their daily work, and to encourage them and motivate them to achieve the goals of company, and should be Known for them where are the strengths and weaknesses of their subordinates to help them through training to support and reinforce the effectiveness and efficiency the personnel .
04- Coordinating: this function need from Managers and supervisors to coordinating the all activities performed by the company, meaning that every activity of each organizational unit should complement and enrich the work of another, through authority and responsibility vertically and horizontally to these units (Administrations and Sections) In the structure of the organization.
05- Controlling : by controlling must be all activities in the right way, that means all efforts to prevent any deviations from the plan and objectives of the company, and if there any deviations working to correct it , to ensure high level of quality, in this function the communications play a important role by reports from down to up and opposite .and orders from up to down .
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