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<p><span>Human resource management (HRM) has frequently been described as a concept with two distinct forms: soft and hard. The soft model emphasizes individuals and their self-direction and places commitment, trust, and self-regulated behavior at the center of any strategic approach to people. In contrast, the hard model stresses the rationalism of strategic fit and places emphasis on performance management and an instrumental approach to the management of individuals.</span></p>
Hard model.
Most companies uses both models depending on the situation and industry or line of work.
Very interesting question ::: I congratulate you for such thought provoking question, having said this and having worked in Gulf countries for more than 17 years I can say with certainty that in Gulf countries they do not follow either......however, sometime they do treat humans as Machines, instruments and a brainless equipments whereas they other times they play with the sentiments and favourable laws and treat the as bonded employees/labourers. They give Little empowerment or delegation uses autocratic leadership style.
Probably they are not aware or least bothered about the Human capital although they were far ahead in terms of knowing about the importance of HUMANS AS CAPITAL/ASSETS and Key factors when entire world was struggling with wars and disputes in 5th and 6th century they knew all about human relations, employee management etc..... Finally they end up having Hard Model due to people coming to them for work.