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Phonemic Awareness: Explicit instruction in listening to and analyzing the oral
layer of language; using games and exercises to teach how speech is made up of
words and words are made up of sounds.
Phonics: Explicit and systematic instruction in the sound/symbol
correspondences of letters and letter groups, especially effective when directly
linked to Phonemic Awareness.
Guided Reading: Instruction in which children take turns reading aloud to a
teacher, who actively engages them, not only modeling strategies of decoding but
also asking comprehension questions and using the text to build vocabulary.
