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Dear Mr. Raj Dahiya: I fear somebody will compress me when I answer this especially our Engineering Expert Mr. Alex Al Yazouri..
What’s on the Horizon?
Most chillers using chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) have been converted or replaced since the U.S. moratorium on CFC production took effect in1996, and the chiller industry’s focus has turned to the tradeoffs among next-generation refrigerants. These tradeoffs are embodied by the popular refrigerants R-134a (a hydrofluorocarbon, or HFC) and R-123 (a hydrochlorofluorocarbon, or HCFC).
R-134a has zero ozone-depleting potential (ODP), but its global-warming potential (GWP) is about11 times greater than that of R-123. R-134a also has a greater indirect effect on global warming than R-123 because the chillers that use it aren’t as efficient at full load (there is some debate as to what the relative effect is at part load). The higher energy use of R-134a chillers at full load results in more carbon dioxide being emitted from the generation of extra electricity. Because R-123 does have a slight ODP, and given U.S. acceptance of the Montreal Protocol—an international treaty to phase out any refrigerant with an ODP—the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is scheduled to halt the manufacture of R-123 chillers in2020 and end production of the refrigerant in2030.
However, some contend the phaseout of R-123 should be rethought because of this refrigerant’s very low GWP and ODP. In effect, this has set up a conflict between the ozone-focused Montreal Protocol and the global warming–focused Kyoto Protocol. It remains to be seen whether the political will can be mustered to change the Montreal Protocol. Regardless of the outcome, obtaining refrigerant for an R-123 chiller should not be a problem for many years. At worst, buyers would have until2030 to stockpile the small amount of refrigerant that they will likely need to last the lifetime of an R-123 chiller purchased before2020.
Meanwhile, the search goes on for refrigerants of the future. Mike Thompson, director of environmental affairs at Trane, says that the automotive industry is leading the search because of Europe’s2011 phaseout of R-134a in automotive applications. Leading contenders include hydrofluoro olefins (such as HFO-1234yf) and carbon dioxide. According to Thompson, the HVAC industry is evaluating the emerging options to identify alternatives that best balance ODP and GWP while being efficient, cost-competitive, and safe.
The phaseout of R-22, an HCFC, on January1,2010, will likely result in increased overall chiller efficiencies for one segment of the market because it means that most packaged reciprocating chillers under80 tons capacity will no longer be available. Small reciprocating chillers use R-22, and Richard Lord, fellow for Carrier Corp., says that most manufacturers are finding it easier to replace them with scroll chillers than to redesign them for use with other refrigerants. Because reciprocating chillers are the least-efficient type available, their disappearance will boost the average efficiency of what’s available on the market.
On the chiller-efficiency front, Lord also says that stricter ASHRAE90.1 efficiency standards are coming in2015, which will likely require significant redesign of chiller technology.
Who Are the Manufacturers?
Carrier Corp.
Dunham-Bush
Danfoss Turbocor
Daikin Applied
Smardt
Trane Co.
York
Its a major technology shift but to my opinion, it needs a decade to replace70% of other conventional compressors because of the high price of the unit.
thank you for your question put i am not specialist for this field
For western world may be it will take10 years since they are more concern for energy efficiency and green technology but for middle east and other Asian countries it will take more than15 -20 years.
I would say in 3 to 5 years.
Considering trend of market at the moment in addition with grate market of south east/west asian manufacturers, plus huge amount of compressors in stock, I think it takes at least ten years.
Thanks for invitation, but it is out of my knowledge
Thanks Mr.Dhiya
Good Q. I just follow the delivered answers because this is not my area.
I m very sorry not a specialist
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