What are the main types of maintenance? can we predict the time span of a machine so that we know when it will fail?

Preventive & corrective maintenance are main two types.
Further, corrective maintenance is classified as break down & emergency maintenance.
If you doing proper preventive maintenance and your supervisors are trained, it may be easily predicted about the time span of fall of machine.
Secondly, when you replace parts during break downs, it totally depends upon you maintenance history.
If replacement of parts are on time then the machine failure chances are less.
Emergency maintenance chances are less if preventive & break down maintenance is perfect.

It's good question and its simple You can predict it by break down analysis.
The simple way you can use Microsoft excel.
By putting stop time , cost of spare parts,and the input output of the machine if the output of the machine is smaller than the input so it's not useful to use but you have to know the input output include all the shown ( spare parts , stopping time and the efficiency by (output/input)%

The main types of maintenance are: (1) Preventive Maintenance u apply every measusre as possible to keep your machine in good conditions by cleaning with water & detergents,if need be, blowing & dusting the machine periodically either monthly or quarterly, to keep it in good order.
(2).Corrective Maintenance is where u handle brakedowns, replacements of tears wears on the machine on thit, with the correct parts.
We can predict the time span of a machine.
Thats why its very important to update the maintenance logbooks of every machine as this will help the engineer to know when thorough OVER HAULING is expected to be carried out on the machine(s) , By so doing, we avert the the malfunctioning of the machine's futuristics.

1- predictive maintenance
2- preventive maintenance (periodic maintenance)
3- breakdown maintenance
4- failure maintenance
5- TPM

Preventative Maintenance when done correctly can usually allow one to identify and rectify potential failures before they occur.
Corrective Maintenance normally involves replacing parts that are worn before they have a critical failure.
Total Productive Maintenance allows the equipment operator to be trained in the daily inspections and checks and to preform simple maintenance task which increase the life of the product.
All aspects of this go hand in hand and when implemented effectively this will ensure extended life of the plant.

They are predictive maintenance, corrective maintenance, and reliability centered maintenance.

designing electrical control panel

1- Preventive maintenance which follows a frequency according to machine manufacturer recommendations and according to special conditions around the machine as environmental conditions and machine time utilization.
2- corrective maintenance (breakdown) which takes variable frequency depending on the effeciency of preventive maintenance done for the machine (skill of the maintenance guy and quality of parts used,...etc) and also depending on the user (operator) skill.
To predect when the machine will fail depends on the machine breakdown history during a relatively long time interval (up to5 years), so when fail times calculated during5 years we can have an idea about frequency of fail which leads to estimating the NEXT time fail.

preventive maintenance, scheduled maintenance, breakdown maintenance We can only assume by obeserving machine but can't predict exactly