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1. A formal hierarchical structure
2. Management by rules
3. Organization by functional specialty
4. An "up-focused" or "in-focused" mission
5. Purposely impersonal
6. Employment based on technical qualifications
7. Predisposition to grow in staff "above the line."
Agree with all experts.
1. A formal hierarchical structure
Each level controls the level below and is controlled by the level above. A formal hierarchy is the basis of central planning and centralized decision making.
2. Management by rules
Controlling by rules allows decisions made at high levels to be executed consistently by all lower levels.
3. Organization by functional specialty
Work is to be done by specialists, and people are organized into units based on the type of work they do or skills they have.
4. An "up-focused" or "in-focused" mission
If the mission is described as "up-focused," then the organization's purpose is to serve the stockholders, the board, or whatever agency empowered it. If the mission is to serve the organization itself, and those within it, e.g., to produce high profits, to gain market share, or to produce a cash stream, then the mission is described as "in-focused."
5. Purposely impersonal
The idea is to treat all employees equally and customers equally, and not be influenced by individual differences.
6. Employment based on technical qualifications
(There may also be protection from arbitrary dismissal.)
The bureaucratic form, according to Parkinson, has another attribute.
7. Predisposition to grow in staff "above the line."
" Weber identified seven elements of bureaucracy: Clearly defined division of labor, authority, and responsibility Clearly defined hierarchy of authority"
1. Qualification-based hiring
2. Merit-based promotion
3. Chain of command
4. Division of labor
5. Impartial application of rules and procedures
6. Recorded in writing
7. Managers separate from owners
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