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there are many roles, most important once for retails are the once which are related to BI/DW
according to a publication by Matt Adams - "Predictive Analytics for the Retail Industry"
and SQL Server Technical Article by Microsoft which I find it very interesting (it does not have5 most points but it does explain allot that you can build upon)
good luck.
Lot of importance:
1) storing inventory information
2) Getting Reports at the end of the day or starting of the day to have an idea of the stock
3) To have historical transactions - basically analysis purpose
4) To have proper accounting in the business
5) Details of each and every product. etc.