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Firstly you hv not mentioned the part u want to inspect. Anyway in general if you want to arrest the defects in parts then first you hv to check its design (mechanical/electrical) visual.
1. Visual Inspection
2. Quality Check (Testing functional)
3. If new product do type test as well as functional test.
the testing process depends on the product u r using. And remember the standards(Local and International) used while manufacturing. In those standards' documents u will get the testing process designed by experts.