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We provide adequate water proofing in our substructures according to the adjacent soil and water table in that area. Even then, we provide larger spacers for the reinforcements in substructures as compared to super structures, Why is it necessary?
Substructures are mainly subjected to compression and shear stresses so, the section dimensions are what really matter.
Otherwise, the super structures are mainly stressed by bending and torsion momentum so, reinforcement is the main holder to those actions