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Even if you’re careful you can pick up computer viruses through normal Web activities like:
lack of good antivirus software,use of unknown web sites,use of USB,hard disks and external inputs without scanning for antivirus.
You are asking about the major causes of computer virus in a new PC.
Well It does not matter if it is new or old, the causes are the same.
Here are the main causes, ordered by importance :
1. Not having an up to date antivirus
2. Not installing latest available updates
3. Installing pirated, cracked softwares (remember this: no one cracks a software for free, there is always a hidden agenda from hackers who do cracking)
4. As a best practice, always create a user account without admin rights. Keep Admin user only for installing, uninstalling and troubleshooting. Always have a strong password. This will avoid automatic background access for hackers and malicious softwares and scripts.
5. Scan all external drives from others before opening them.