What differentiate type of leadership and style of leadership?

There are typically two types of leadership: instrumental and expressive. Instrumental leadership focuses on achieving goals. Leaders who are dominantly instrumental work to maintain productivity and ensure that tasks are completed. They make good managers because they get the job done. However, they are often so focused on the task that they can alienate other members of the group.

Expressive leadership, on the other hand, focuses on maintaining group cohesion. Leaders who are dominantly expressive work to maintain warm, friendly relationships and ensure the collective well-being of the group. They make good bosses because they truly care for their employees. However, they are sometimes lacking efficiency and organizational skills.

Although most leaders are dominantly instrumental or expressive, both styles are needed for groups to work effectively. So, the most effective leaders have the ability to use the style that best fits the situation. They can switch from being instrumental and focusing on the task, to being expressive and focusing on collaboration, whenever they see a need.

There are three basic styles of leadership decision-making: authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire.

Leaders who use authoritarian decision-making make all of the major group decisions and demand compliance from the group members. Authoritarian leaders typically make decisions on their own and tell other group members what to do and how to do it. Authoritarian leadership can be beneficial when a decision needs to be made quickly or when a project or situation is particularly stressful.

For example, imagine you were a member of the Greek army during the Trojan War. It would have been beneficial for Odysseus to practice authoritarian decision-making in order to determine who would perform each task of building the Trojan Horse. You and the other soldiers would not have had to worry about making complex decisions, but instead, you could focus on your individual tasks. Imagine what would have happened if all of those soldiers had spent days debating while in the midst of a war!

While authoritarian leadership can be beneficial at times, it is often the case that it's more problematic. This type of decision-making is easily abused, and authoritarian leaders are often viewed as bossy and controlling. Because authoritarian leaders make decisions without consulting the group, many group members may resent the leader because they are unable to contribute ideas.

The next type of leadership decision-making is democratic. Leaders who use democratic decision-making encourage group discussion and believe in decision-making through consensus. Democratic leaders still make the final decision, but do so only after carefully considering what other group members have said. Usually, their decision goes with the majority. Democratic leaders are generally the most popular. They make members of the group feel included and promote teamwork and creativity.

For example, think about King Arthur and his knights. Most of us are familiar with the famous round table, where all of the knights plus King Arthur would sit in equal status. They would discuss problems in the kingdom together and come to a consensus before King Arthur would take action.

While democratic leadership has been described as the most effective decision-making style, it does have a downside. The time that it takes to reach a group consensus can be crippling for a project. In order for every group member to be heard, discussion can last for a very long time. This can lead to frustration and sometimes even uncompleted projects.

Laissez-faire, loosely translated, means 'to leave alone' in French. Therefore, leaders who use laissez-faire decision-making let the groups make their own decisions. They are only minimally involved, basically sitting back and letting the group function on its own. Laissez-faire is usually the least effective style of leadership decision-making.

Leadership : the process of offering guidance and direction

leadership style  :  include formal and informal leadership

formal leadership : someone has been given authority to make decisions or lead a group

informal leadership : someone does not have "official" authority but is recognized as a leader by the group

Integrity and maneuvering are the primary differentiation between the type and style of leadership

I thank Mr. Vinod Jetley for such a beautiful answer. The question reminded me of a famous quotation which i believe might serve the question: "Leaders don't create followers, they create more leaders"

I fully agree with the answers been added by EXPERTS...............Thanks.

Thanks

Totally agree with answer given by my  dear colleague Shadi

There are two main Leadership style i.e. Transformational and Transactional.

Transformational leader is a type of person in who is not limited by his or her followers' perception. The main objective is to work to change or transform his or her followers' needs and redirect their thinking. Leaders that follow the transformation style of leading, challenge and inspire their followers with a sense of purpose and excitement.  Transformational leaders have a charisma to create a vision of what they aspire to be, and communicate this idea to others. 

They have a broad field of knowledge, has a self-promoting personality, high/great energy level, and willing to take risk and use irregular strategies in order to stimulate their followers to think independently.

They work with Individualized consideration and Intellectual stimulation.

Transactional leader focus their leadership on motivating followers through a system of rewards and punishments. There are two factors which form the basis for this system, Contingent Reward and management-by-exception.

Management-by-exception allows the leader to maintain the status quo. The leader intervenes when subordinates do not meet acceptable performance levels and initiates corrective action to improve performance. This helps reduce the workload of managers being that they are only called-in when workers deviate from course. This type of leader identifies the needs of their followers and gives rewards to satisfy those needs in exchange of certain level of performance.

These leaders focus on increasing the efficiency of established routines and procedures. They are more concerned with following existing rules than with making changes to the organization. A transactional leader establishes and standardizes practices that will help the organization reach i.e. Maturity, Goal-setting, Efficiency of operation and Increasing productivity.

There are some other types of leadership style also like;

Authoritarian - Direct supervision is what they believe to be the key in maintaining a successful environment and follower ship.

Paternalistic - works by acting as a parental figure by taking care of their subordinates supplying complete concern for his followers or workers and in return getting the complete trust and loyalty of their people.

Democratic - The leader sharing the decision-making abilities with group members by promoting the interests of the group members and by practicing social equality.

Laissez-faire - Leadership style where all the rights and power to make decisions is fully given to the worker.

Thank You Mr Justin for the invitation .. I would agree with answers.. Variety of correct info and opinions...

Also Mr. Vinod has well explained it !