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اهم عناصر يجب توفرها للزراعه هى الماء والهواء والتربه ......اولا يجب تجهيز الارض قبل الزراعه بالحراثه العميقه وتتراوح بين40الى50سم بواسطه المحراث القلاب وافضل انواع التربه للزراعه هى التربه المتوسطه وتليها الرمليه ثم الطينيه.
. ثم بعد ذلك الماء ويتم سقى الارض مره او مرتين مما يتيح للعناصر الغذائيه
والعضويه الفرصه ان تتحلل
لايكفى السماد العضوى وحده المزروعات يجب تقويتها باسمده كيميا ويه
وكذلك اختيار الصنف المناسب فى الوقت المنسب للزراعه..
ومن افضل انواع الرى هو الرى بالتنقيط فى ظل شح المياه
بالنسبه للهواء يجب ان تكون التهويه جيده بين النباتات وان لا تكون مزدحمه وهى كذلك اسلوب من اساليب الوقايه .....
...ويلى ذلك سقى الارض مره او مرتين وبهذا يتم منح المواد الغذائيه والعضويه الفرصه كى تتحلل
أهم ما يجب معرفته عن الزراعة، والتسلح به في هذا المجال من النشاط البشري المهم: الإلمام بكل ما يستجد من معارف حديثة في المجال الزراعي والتطور الكبير الذي تنتقل من خلاله الزراعة من كونها نشاط إعاشي، إلى الزراعة العلمية التجارية الواسعة. هذه المعارف المشار إليها قد تشمل التقانات الزراعية المتنوعة التي تغطي كافة مراحل العملية الزراعية من إختيار التربة المناسبة، إعداد الأرض، وقت الزراعة، معدلات البذار، ... إلخ، وقد تشمل هذه المعارف كذلك البحوث المتعلقة بالزراعة، والتي أصبحت متخصصةً في مجالات الزراعة المختلفة، وقد تشمل هذه المعارف الإلمام كذلك بالجوانب الاقتصادية والاجتماعية والبيئية بل ربما والسياسية حتى. الزراعة علمٌ حيٌ ومتجددٌ لا يجمل بمعرفتنا بها أن نقصرها فقط في بعض ما ذكرنا، بل نعمل جهدنا أن تكون معرفتنا هذه متكاملة وشاملة لواحدٍ من أهم الأنشطة البشرية والإنسانية قاطبة.
Literally, agriculture is the science of farming, including cultivation of the soil for the growing of crops and rearing of animals to provide food, cloth, and other basic necessities. As defined in the Wikipedia, agriculture is a science, art and occupation of cultivating the soil, producing crops and raising livestock. Agriculture is the very basis of civilization. It is the food we eat, the clothing we wear, the material of our homes, the gardens around us, and many of our traditions and values.
The term also includes the financing, processing, marketing, and distribution of agricultural products; farm production supply and service industries; health, nutrition and food consumption; the use and conservation of land and water resources; development and maintenance of recreational resources; and related economic, sociological, political, environmental and cultural characteristics of the food and fiber system. In addition to food and fiber, some of the products we use every day come from plant and animal by-products produced by farmers and ranchers. The following are some examples to mention:
· Health Care: Pharmaceuticals, ointments, surgical sutures, latex gloves, x-ray film.
· Manufacturing: Adhesives, lubricants, solvents, detergents, polymers
· Education: Crayons, textbooks, chalk, desks, pencils, paper
· Personal Care: Shampoo, lotions, cosmetics, toothpaste, fingernail polish
· Construction: Lumber, paints, tar paper, brushes, dry wall, particle board, tool handles
As implied in the definition, to practice agriculture means to produce commodities which maintain life, including food, fiber, forest products, horticultural crops, and their related services using tremendous natural resources (land, water, plants and animals) as well as skilled labor and technology. The following are the most crucial activities that farmers or producers used demonstrate during crop cultivation and/or livestock rearing include:
· Tillage is the practice of plowing soil to prepare for planting or for nutrient incorporation or for pest control. Tillage varies in intensity from conventional to no-till. It may improve productivity by warming the soil, incorporating fertilizer and controlling weeds, but also renders soil more prone to erosion, triggers the decomposition of organic matter releasing CO2, and reduces the abundance and diversity of soil organisms.
· Pest control includes the management of weeds, insects/pests and diseases. Chemical (pesticide), biological (bio-control), mechanical (tillage), and cultural practices are used. Cultural practices include crop rotation, culling, cover crops, inter-cropping, composting, avoidance, and resistance. integrated pest managment is also an other agronomic practices that use all of these methods to keep pest populations below the number which would cause economic loss, and recommends pesticides as a last resort.
·Nutrient Managment includes both the source of nutrient inputs for crop and livestock production, and the method of utilization of manure produced by livestock. Nutrient inputs can be chemical inorganic fertilizers, manure, green manure, compost and mined minerals. Crop nutrient use may also be managed using cultural techniques such as crop rotation or a fallow period. Manure is used either by holding livestock where the feed crop is growing, such as in managed intensive rotational grazing by spreading either dry or liquid formulations of manure on cropland or pasture lands.
· Water managment is needed where rainfall is insufficient or variable, which occurs to some degree in most regions of the world. Some farmers use irrigation to supplement rainfall. In other areas, farmers use a fallow year to conserve soil moisture to use for growing a crop in the following year. Agriculture represents70% of freshwater use worldwide.
The Three Basic requirements for Agriculture -As Waddah said-:1. Soil.2. Water.3. Air.
then the nutrient elements:
1. Main elements: These needed basically for growth. NPK: N: For Nitrogen, P: For Phosphor and K: For Potassium.
2. Other elements: These needed with small quantities. And they are a lot such as: Cu: copper, Mn, ...etc.
you need to study the crop you need to grow
Agriculture, also called farming or husbandry, is the cultivation of animals, plants, fungi, and other life forms for food, fiber, biofuel,drugs and other products used to sustain and enhance human life.[1] Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that nurtured the development of civilization. The study of agriculture is known as agricultural science. The history of agriculture dates back thousands of years, and its development has been driven and defined by greatly different climates, cultures, and technologies. However, all farming generally relies on techniques to expand and maintain the lands that are suitable for raising domesticated species. For plants, this usually requires some form ofirrigation, although there are methods of dryland farming. Livestock is raised in a combination of grassland-based and landless systems, in an industry that covers almost one-third of the world's ice- and water-free area. In the developed world, industrial agriculturebased on large-scale monoculture has become the dominant system of modern farming, although there is growing support forsustainable agriculture, including permaculture and organic agriculture.
منقول من موقع ويكيبيديا
the one and only basic is this that plants are life and they need care to give better produce.
