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Although both are inevitable for having a safe working environment. I would recon safe person as the most important.
A safe person will always
1. Assess and control all the risk before starting a job
2. Will do only those activities for which he is authorized
3. Will report all incidents(including near misses, unsafe conditions, Unsafe acts)
4. Will follow safety provisions and adhere to required PPEs
So a safe person will lead to a safe place. And if a safe system already exists then to have safe people will be a boost to safety culture.