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PHONETICS= The system of sounds of a particular language.
PHONOLOGY= The study of the distribution and patterning of speech sounds in a language and of the tacit rules governingpronunciation.
A DIACHRONIC APPROACH is one that analyzes the evolution of something over time, allowing one to assess how that something changes throughout history.
However, there is also A SYNCHRONIC APPROACH which analyzes a particular something at a given, fixed point in time.