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This process takes four steps,
1. DHCPDISCOVER : From DHCP Client to DHCP Server, to find the DHCP server on the local network
2. DHCPOFFER : From DHCP Server to DHCP Client, to offer the IP Parameters
3. DHCPREQUEST: From DHCP Client to DHCP Server, giving a request to get the offered IP Parameters
4. DHCPACK: From DHCP server to DHCP Client, giving confirmation to use the the offered IP parameters.
IP parameters includes IP address, subnet mask, DNS address, Default gateway, WINS address etc
The following way a client obtain IP address from the DHCP server
DORA
Discovery, offer, Request , Acknowledge
DHCP is (generally) a broadcast protocol, so the client doesn't need to know anything about the network, it simply broadcasts a request.
DHCP servers on the network then see that request and respond to it. the process accur to get an ip by client is DORA
As for the gateway, it can come into play only if it explicitly forwards DHCP traffic to another subnet. That feature is usually called DHCP Relay. Otherwise the gateway ignores the broadcast DHCP message just like it ignores every other broadcast message.