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Actually I thought about this one. when I read in the Quran " وعلم آدم الأسماء كلها "
In which language did Allah taught Adam the names of all things, I would say Arabic . AND ALLAH KNOWS BEST.
But as Allah urged us in the Quran to think and research, I thought to myself, What is the richest language spoken today with words, synonyms, expressions ? I think all would agree its Arabic ( althogh I am not an expert on all spoken languages today ). But I always heard since a kid about that story of an Arab man and a foreigner ( أعجمي ). and this Arab takes pride by saying we have a synonyms for sword (سيف). And actually its true that the Arabic language is very rich in words and synonyms.
So when Allah taught adam the names of all things, and all of you would agree that Allah is perfect so Allah would teach adam a perfect language with a rich words.
another thought: the prophet Mohammad (pbuh) said that on the heaven door is written ( ادخلوها بسلام آمنين ) and that is also a verse in the Quran in surah Alhajr. thats is an Arabic.
and finally I thought to myself, allright, the names are an evidence of language .So my name is Shadi : what is that mean .. it means little singer like the bird ( Alshadi ). although that's a completely untrue. " I sound very very bad " .
Anyway, then I looked at Adam, why his name is Adam, I found out that Adam is a derivative from Adeem Al2ard ( اديم الأرض ) , and Adeem in Arabic means the skin envelopes the human body, and in a sense Adam is the one we all came from ( so he envelopes us all ) , So his name was originated from an Arabic root word.
So with all of these thoughts, I am more inclined that the origin and the oldest surviving language is Arabic. and Finally Allah knows best ( والله أعلم )
One can only assume which language was first spoken. Linguists historians and experts all could not be firm about the answer, however, many written evidences could be the bases for such answer that Sumerian language is the oldest ever spoken language.
From my Knowledge it's Arabic(If you're Muslim you will say the same)
