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Control Plane:
Control plane is basically all about learning of a router of its neighbors. the control is all about learning of neighbours. This could be done in two ways, through static routes where we will tell the router which paths to select or other way is through dynamic routing eg through other protocols like RIP, OSPF,EIGR,BGP where routers will share routing tables with each other.
Data Plan:
Data plans are also known as forwarding plans. This will come after control plane. Once the router learns about the paths or routes . or if they have multiple paths then which is the best path. Data plane is about actual movement of packets through the learned routes.
