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Structural design by model is
1- a representation of the construction or building in one of the computer software structural programs by elements ,
2-then defining the materials and properties of its included elements (Concrete , Steel , Rebar , .... etc.
3-Defining Loads as gravity DL-LL , Lateral (Wind- Earth Quake ) , Temperature effects , ... etc
4-Assigning the selected material to the structure's elements.
5-Assigning the loads at the structural elements.
6-Define Load Combinations as per the Code.
7-Applying the design code from preferences.
8-Run the program to get the resulting stresses and make the design accordingly
Load test is a procedure of affecting the full capacity loads in the member and measure its deflection subject to the used code , and check if it is in the limits or if there is cracks appeared or not.
this makes an indication about the safety of the loaded tested elements.