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When routing packets the control plane is where routes are planned with static routes or learned with dynamic routing protocols. Packets containing routing protocol information are processed on the control plane. The data plane is the forwarding of data packets over the transit path from source to destination.
The main diffrences between control and data plan are that control plane consist of packets that are destined to or locally originated by router itself whearas data plane consist of traversing traffic.
Control Plane traffic is related to control information like hello packets of a routing protocol suppose, whereas Data plane traffic is the plane forwarding actual data.
