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Distance Vector routing protocols are like road signs. Each Router has information only about the next hop.Routers must make preferred path decisions based on a distance or metric to a network.
Link-State routing protocols are more like a road map. Each Router has a complete map of the topology. i.e. They create a topological map of the network and each router uses this map to determine the shortest path to each network.
Hi,
Even though i am not a Routing/Switching Professional, as i am predominantly a Network Security Engineer, i feel the question is a basic one and i can provide my inputs. Pardon me if you feel inappropriate.
Distance Vector and Link State Routing Protocols
Distance Vector : RIP,IGRP, EIGRP is advanced Distance Vector, in fact BGP is primarily a Distance Vector if we were to discard some of its rich Metrics and leave them at default values.
Distance vector is also called as Routing By Rumour as any Router will learn the Routes that its neighbour advertises. RIP's metric is Hop Count, EIGRP uses, Bandwidth and delay as its metrics.
Link State: IS-IS, OSPF uses Cost aka Bandwidth of the Links as its detrimental factor. The major Difference is this metric and the Routes that are learned by Routers running Link State Routing Protocol.
In a OSPF run Area, Every Router has routes to every Network in its Area, meaning the entire topology is kept in its database and the Routers then run Dijkstra's SPF algorithm to choose the best Route.
So you have the Topology Table which has all the possible paths, and the Routing table which has the Best paths.
A distance-vector routing protocol requires that a router informs its neighbors of topology changes periodically.
Llink-state protocols requires a router to inform all the nodes in a network of topology changes
1- Routing distance victor converge slowly compared with the link-state protocole.
2- link -state support VLSM but distance victor protocole do not except Rip v2 and EIGRP coz EIGRP is a link -state and Vector distance protocole..
3- Distance vector protocol send the hole routing table to its neighbors but the link -state protocoles send only the updated routing table ..
4- Distance vector send a periodic routing table but the link -state protocole use a trigged updates..
