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As the term indicates, "Pressure vessels" refers to a equipment/ component segment that is designed over an atmospheric pressure (above 15 psig) and mandates design and boiler safety code compliance to ASME Sec VIII Div. 1 or 2 or 3, as applicable. Equivalent International standard compliance in European region is BS5500 and/ or other nationally recognized code.
While tanks are meant to be for static storage of fluids at or below atmospheric pressure (of 15 psig). Accordingly, Storage tanks generally applicable for service and respective maximum pressures are as below, complying to respective industry codes:
Lastly, pressure vessels are closed units, while storage tanks can be either closed or open top type (especially for vertical cylindrical construction).