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use inverted funnel method. start from a broad topic and come to a specific problem( dont use too many lines for this ).
once you have a specific problem, go for a literature search(this will tell you what has already been done. what is the drawback of exisitng theories/methods. what is the gap in the literature, which needs to be filled). this background check is necessary as it makes your proposal not a repeated one
now you propose a strategy to solve the above problems(which means how you are going to solve this)
tell what you expect at the end of the research(this will make your proposal good for funding). in other words why should some body fund you
