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A formal document or blueprint which will behave or function in your desire requirement
Functional specifications provide Web developers with a blueprint of how the website or Web component will behave or function. This means that the functional specifications should not detail technical aspects or implementation. Instead, functional specifications provide the developer and designer with a vision or concept of the final website that focuses on usability and user experience, with specifics for each page in the design. Aspects such as search engine optimization, navigation and content should be considered. To produce functional specifications, you use common tools such as use-case scenarios, storyboards, affinity diagrams, mockups, wireframes and a simple narrative document; whatever is most effective to illustrate user interactions and link them to the necessary input or output of information on the site.
if you are really thinking of the funcitonal specificiation, well functional Sepecification(funcitonal requirements) are depends on the customer requirements and it's not generalize to answer but we can list some, Home(landing page) , about us , News , Events and Contact us are the most basic requirments. but if you are also meant A) what are the development language, well I can say HTML,CSS and JS are the core language and you need at least one server side framework(could be Node.js,PHP,ASP.NET,Django,Ruby....) but this framework depend on the customer requirment and non funcitonal requirments. or B) if you meant by the non functional requirments , well it still depends on the customer requirment but here are the good adivce. 1. server side framework(which depends on the funcional requirment and available server platfoarm because if the customer uses windows cloud to deploay the app, you need to pick ASP.NET , if the customer bought server apache server you need to pick PHP, if the customer give you VPS you are free to pick any of them and Node or diango are recommended on the current trend). 2. availablity(if your app is tested engough, this one depends on the server you buy) 3. security(should be handle in both development and server side) 4 performance (depends on your development paradime and server). and so on
learning HTML/CSS/JAVA SCRIPT
after that bootstrap / jquery